East India Cotton Company was the first cotton mill to be established in Kolkata, India, on 1854 by Hadji Mirza Mahmoud Shirazi. The company was designed by Sir William Fairbaim. This mill began production on 1856 under the supervision of British engineers and skilled cotton operatives.
The main task of this company was to supply ginned cotton for export to the Middle East and later to England. This company, in cooperation with other Indian factories, played an important role in the development of the cotton industry and its trade in India, and in 1872, it moved its office to Bombay and focused on the cotton trade.